Understanding Speech vs. Language Disorders: A Guide for Parents and Caregivers
Most of the time, ‘speech’ and ‘language’ are interchangeable words. However, in the world of speech therapy, the two have very different meanings. By understanding the key distinctions between speech and language, you can take the first steps towards getting your child the assistance they need to thrive.
What's the Difference Between Speech and Language?
Speech refers to the physical act of producing sounds, while language is the ability to understand and express thoughts and ideas.
A speech disorder affects a child's ability to produce sounds correctly, smoothly, or with their voice. Common speech disorders include:
Articulation disorders: Difficulty pronouncing certain sounds
Fluency disorders: Problems with the flow of speech, like stuttering
Voice disorders: Issues with the pitch, volume, or quality of the voice
On the other hand, a language disorder involves challenges with understanding or using language, both verbal and nonverbal. This can include:
Receptive language disorders: Difficulty comprehending what is said or written
Expressive language disorders: Trouble putting thoughts into words
Social communication disorders: Problems with the social use of language
When You Should Seek Help
It's normal for young children to make some speech and language mistakes as they develop. But if you notice persistent issues, it's a good idea to have your child evaluated by a speech-language pathologist. Some red flags include:
By 12 months: No babbling or pointing
By 18-24 months: Vocabulary under 150 words or no two-word phrases (Ex: “more food” or “we go”)
By 3 years old: Difficulty following simple instructions or difficulty understanding your child
At any age: Stuttering, hoarse/nasal voice, or trouble socializing
The sooner a speech or language disorder is identified, the better. Early intervention can make a big difference in helping your child catch up and thrive.
How Speech Therapy Can Help
If your child is diagnosed with a speech or language disorder, speech therapy can provide the support they need to improve their communication skills. A licensed speech-language pathologist can work with your child on:
Developing speech sounds and articulation
Expanding vocabulary and sentence structure
Improving listening and comprehension
Building social communication skills
Addressing any underlying issues, like hearing problems or motor difficulties
Through individualized therapy, your child will gain the tools they need to express themselves, interact with others, and reach their full potential.